Superradiant phase transitions with three-level systems
Alexandre Baksic, Pierre Nataf, and Cristiano Ciuti
Accepted
We determine the phase diagram of N identical three-level systems interacting with a single photonic mode in the thermodynamical limit (N ) by accounting for the so-called diamagnetic term and the inequalities imposed by the Thomas-Reich-Kuhn (TRK) oscillator strength sum rule. The key role of transitions between excited levels and the occurrence of first-order phase transitions is discussed. We show that, in contrast to two-level systems, in the three-level case the TRK inequalities do not always prevent a superradiant phase transition in presence of a diamagnetic term.