Scheme for tunable quantum phase gate and effective preparation of graph-state entanglement

A scheme is presented for realizing a quantum phase gate with three-level atoms, solid-state qubits—often called artificial atoms, or ions that share a quantum data bus such as a single-mode field in the cavity quantum electrodynamics system or a collective vibrational state of trapped ions. In this scheme, the conditional phase shift is tunable and controllable via the total effective interaction time. Furthermore, the method can be used to effectively prepare graph states, which are important resources for quantum computation, quantum error correction, studies of multiparticle entanglement, and fundamental tests of nonlocality and decoherence.