Observation of satellite structures for Tb Lγ x-ray emission in the presence of M- and N-shell multiple vacancies

Multiple-vacancy states for outer-shell electrons created in heavy-ion–atom collision have been studied through high-resolution measurement of the Lγ x rays emitted from ₆₅Tb induced by 15- and 30-MeV carbon ions. For the Lγ₁ x-ray emission, it is found that the satellite structure due to N-shell multiple vacancies can be well resolved from the satellite structures due to M-shell multiple vacancies. The spectral features observed provide experimental evidence for the manifestation of the exchange interaction between the 4d_3/2 hole and the unpaired 4f electrons in the presence of several N vacancies. An interpretation of the observed satellite structure for the complex Lγ_2,3 x-ray emission is presented.